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Sardinia has one of the longest coastlines in Italy, with roughly 2,700 kilometres of shoreline and 291 officially recorded beaches. Available data suggest that more than twenty of these sites are in a highly critical condition. In most cases, the main driver is human impact: urbanised and heavily modified beaches where rigid structures and infrastructure have reduced the coast’s natural ability to adapt.

Cyclone Harry developed in late January, fuelled by strong sirocco winds and an intense low-pressure system. After hitting Sicily, the storm severely affected the most exposed areas of Sardinia - especially the Gulf of Cagliari (from Cagliari to Domus de Maria) and the island’s eastern coast, including Sarrabus and Ogliastra. In some locations, waves exceeding four metres were recorded, triggering coastal flooding and large-scale sediment displacement.

THE KEY ROLE OF DUNES

Whether a beach can recover depends largely on how intact its natural system remains. Where functional dunes are still present and the backdune area is open, the coastline can gradually rebuild its equilibrium and recover naturally. Where dunes have been removed, blocked or replaced by rigid barriers, the impact is far more severe and recovery becomes difficult. At Poetto beach, for instance, dune restoration and protection measures helped limit damage in certain sections, while areas lacking natural defences saw heavier erosion affecting beach facilities and built structures.

There is a clear link between climate change and extreme events like this. Satta explains: “The sea is the fuel for storms”. As Mediterranean temperatures rise - on average by 1 to 2 degrees - storms draw on greater energy, increasing evaporation, moisture in the atmosphere and the intensity of storm surges. When powerful waves combine with a storm surge (a temporary rise in sea level), the impact on the coastline becomes significantly more destructive.

A STANDALONE CASE?

Events like “Harry” should not be treated as isolated episodes. They may occur less often, but they are likely to become more intense, and current trends suggest sea temperatures will not decrease in the near future. This is why MEDSEA Foundation works to raise awareness among citizens and local authorities, encouraging a more responsible approach to coastal management, based on prevention, dune system protection and interventions that respect the beaches’ natural resilience.